Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre o letramento literário a partir da recepção da obra O olho de vidro do meu avô, de Bartolomeu Campos de Queirós, por meio da análise de depoimentos de leitores comuns – a literatura no cotidiano dos indivíduos - e de trechos de artigos científicos sobre a obra – a literatura no campo acadêmico. Apresentamos também uma sequência didática desenvolvida com alunos do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública de Itabirito, interior de Minas (...) Gerais, a partir da recepção do livro. Para a realização da prática pedagógica, usamos a proposta sugerida e experienciada por Rildo Cosson para o letramento literário, denominada pelo pesquisador como “Sequência Básica”, composta por quatro etapas: motivação, introdução, leitura e interpretação. Dessa forma, procuramos compreender a literatura, a leitura literária e o letramento literário na vida social e na escola, pois cabe a essa instituição proporcionar aos alunos experiências que desenvolvam essa competência para o letramento literário, a se perpetuar pela vida adulta. O principal objetivo desse processo no contexto escolar é formar um leitor que aprecie significações estéticas, capaz de se inserir em uma comunidade que faça suas próprias escolhas literárias, que saiba manipular seus instrumentos culturais e possa construir com eles um sentido para si e para o mundo em que vive. Dessa forma, é necessário reconhecer a importância de atividades que abarquem diferentes tipos de materiais escritos, mas que não sejam negligenciados os textos literários, multiplicando, dessa forma, os espaços de leitura e constituindo comunidades de leitores na escola e fora dela. (shrink)

As questões que norteiam esta reflexão se colocam no entrecruzamento da Arte com a Educação bem como na inserção destas no mercado influenciado pelo poder midiático. A intervenção do educador apresenta-se como mediação que irá se contrapor à velocidade técnica imposta e buscar na interação logos/pathos a experiência do olhar pensante sobre a obra de arte.

Num mundo onde tudo se tornou imagem, parece da maior importância investigar filosoficamente as conexões entre imagens e educação. As imagens-marketing, compondo desejos capturados por um capitalismo que já traz prontos os mundos e seus sentidos, assumiram o status de arte e impregnam tudo - os sentidos, os raciocínios, a imaginação… elas educam. Ora, se é mesmo assim, interessa investigar as relações possíveis entre filosofia e imagem e educação. É o que propõe este dossiê.

O estudo investigou a experiência de transição para a aposentadoria na perspectiva subjetiva dos sujeitos que a vivenciaram. Foram entrevistados 20 trabalhadores aposentados no período de até 18 meses após o desligamento de suas atividades laborais. As entrevistas seguiram roteiro semi-estruturado e..

In the last few decades, the emergence of mid-scale, intermediated marketing channels that fall between commodity and direct markets has attracted growing interest from scholars for their potential to preserve small and mid-sized farms while scaling up alternative agrifood sourcing. When such mid-scale supply chains are formed among multiple business partners with shared ethics or values related to the qualities of the food and the business relationships along the supply chain, they may be termed “values-based supply chains (VBSCs).” Most of (...) the research on VBSCs to date has relied primarily on a case study approach that investigates the performance of VBSCs from the perspective of VBSC founders or leaders. In contrast, this research seeks out the perspectives of farmers who participate in VBSCs. A nationwide farmer survey conducted in 2017 offers original insights on farmer motivations for participating in VBSCs and how they are being used by farmers relative to other marketing channels. We find that VBSCs serve farms of all sizes. Overall, smaller farms were more likely to market a higher percentage of overall sales through their VBSC and more likely to rank their VBSC as one of the top three marketing channels in their portfolio. But it was the larger farms that were more likely to perceive VBSC-specific benefits. Our findings confirm that while there is a limited volume of product that such regional supply chains can currently handle, farmers view VBSCs as a valuable marketing option that aligns with their own values and preserves their product’s identity. (shrink)

Gideon Rosen (2014) has drawn our attention to cases of duress of a particularly interesting sort: the person's ‘mind is not flooded with pain or fear’, she knows exactly what she is doing, and she makes a clear-headed choice to act in, as Rosen says, ‘awful ways’. The explanation of why we excuse such actions cannot be that the action was not voluntary. In addition, although some duress cases could also be viewed as necessity cases and thus as justified, Rosen (...) wisely sets aside that complicating factor by zeroing in on those cases where the action clearly is not justified. So why do we excuse in these cases, where the action is not justified and the agent acted voluntarily?Rosen thinks the key lies in the ‘ill will’ condition, ‘the idea that an act is blameworthy only if it manifests insufficient concern or regard for those affected’. He says this is relatively uncontroversial; much of my paper is taken up with calling the ‘ill will’ condition into question. I also take issue with Rosen on just how justifications and excuses differ. I argue in favour of understanding justifications (in a context where we are asking how justifications and excuses differ) as not requiring truth, but only reasonable belief. (shrink)

Considering a growing nurse shortage and the need for qualified nurses to handle increasingly complex patient care situations, how ethical beliefs are influenced and the consequences that can occur when moral conflicts of right and wrong arise need to be explored. The aim of this study was to explore influencers identified by nurses as having the most impact on the development of their ethical beliefs and whether these influencers might impact levels of moral distress and the potential for conscientious objection. (...) Nurses whose ethical beliefs were most influenced by their religious beliefs scored higher in levels of moral distress and demonstrated greater differences in areas of conscientious objection than did nurses who developed their ethical beliefs from influencers such as family values, life and work experience, political views or the professional code of ethics. (shrink)

ABSTRACT:In 2010,Business Ethics Quarterlypublished ten articles that considered the potential contributions to business ethics research arising from recent scholarship in a variety of philosophical and social scientific fields (strategic management, political philosophy, restorative justice, international business, legal studies, ethical theory, ethical leadership studies, organization theory, marketing, and corporate governance and finance). Here we offer short responses to those articles by members ofBusiness Ethics Quarterly’s editorial board and editorial team.

ABSTRACT:Business ethics research has long been interested in understanding the conditions under which ethical consumption is consistent versus context-dependent. Extant research suggests that many consumers fail to make consistent ethical consumption decisions and tend to engage in ethical decisions associated with ingroup identity cues. To fill this gap, four experiments examine how construal levels moderate the influence of ingroup versus outgroup identity cues in ethical consumption. The studies support the contention that when consumers use concrete construal to process information, they (...) will focus on ingroup cues and make ethical consumption decisions that are aligned with ingroup biases. However, when consumers use abstract construal, they will act more consistently with their inner goals rather than focusing on ingroup and outgroup cues. Social goodwill, which indicates desires to give back to society, is identified as mediating the effects. The findings have important implications for ethical consumption and social influence literature. (shrink)

Clarke A. Chambers interviews Marcia Eaton, professor in the Department of Philosophy.

In the present article the concept of the right to die will be analyzed in English and American literature between 1990 and 1994.

This book is concerned with how we should think and act in our work, leisure activities, and time utilization in order to achieve flourishing lives. The scope papers range from general theoretical considerations of the value, e.g. 'What is a balanced life?', to specific types of considerations, e.g. 'How should we cope with the effects of work on moral decision-making?'.

IntroductionMother–child interactions during the first years of life have a significant impact on the emotional and cognitive development of the child. In this work, we study how a prenatal diagnosis of malformation may affect maternal representations and the quality of these early interactions. To this end, we conducted a longitudinal observational study of mother–child interactions from the gestational stage until the baby completed 12 months of age.Participants and MethodsWe recruited 250 pregnant women from a local university hospital. Among them, 50 (...) mother–infant dyads participated in all stages of the study. The study group consisted of 25 pregnant women with fetuses with some structural alteration and the control group consisted of 25 pregnant women with fetuses without structural anomalies. We collected obstetric and socio demographic data and pregnancy outcomes. Anxiety and depressive state data were collected using the COVI and Raskin Scales. We video-recorded the mother–infant interactions during several stages, including when the child was a newborn and when the child was 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. The quality of the mother infant interactions were measured using the Coding Interactive Behavior. The interactive moments recorded on video was composed of three different activities, each one lasting appoximately 3 min, which included Free Interaction, where the mother was instructed to interact “as usual” without any toy, Toy Interaction, where the mother and baby played with a puppv, and Song Interaction, where the mother and baby interacted while the mother sang the “Happy Birthday” song.ResultsIn the gestational phase, there was a significant difference between the groups with respect to anxiety and depression scores, which were significantly higher for the study group. In the postnatal phase, we found significant differences between the groups with respect to CIB scales after the child completed 6 months of age: the study group presented significantly higher values of Maternal Sensitivity at 6 months of age, of Baby Involvement at 9 and 12 months of age, and of Dyadic Reciprocity at 6, 9, and 12 months of age, while the control group presented significantly higher values of Withdrawal of the Baby at 6 months of age, and of Dyadic Negative States at 6 and 9 months of age.ConclusionThe support offered by the study favored the mother–infant bond and had a positive effect on the quality of interaction during the first year of life, despite the presence of prenatal diagnosis. (shrink)

O artigo defende a hipótese de que a atual supervisão de ensino do sistema público estadual paulista apresenta, contraditoriamente, uma cultura de administração centrada em práticas autoritárias, fiscalizadoras e reprodutoras de políticas públicas emanadas dos órgãos centrais hegemônicos e ao mesmo tempo, implementa no seu nível de atuação, ações diferenciadas e críticas, comprometidas com a emancipação social dos agentes envolvidos. Como forma de ruptura e superação do atual paradigma de administração educacional e, em consequência de ação supervisora, apresenta novas diretrizes (...) éticas. This work supports the hypothesis that, the actual educational supervision of the public educational policies in the Stat of São Paulo shows the contradiction of the administration culture based on authoritarian, examined and reproductive practices of the public policy derived from central bodies, and, at the same time, improves, in its acting level, special and critical actions, committed to the social emancipation of the involved agents. As a way of rupture and overcoming of the present paradigmatic of the educational administration and management, and as a result of the educational supervision, one suggests requirements to build new ethical rules to the educational supervision. In short, this work shows the educational supervision of the historical myths and their contraction with the possible identity for emancipation. (shrink)

The emphasis on duly in Kant's ethics is widely held to constitute a defect. Marcia W. Baron develops and assesses the criticism, which she sees as comprising two objections: that duty plays too large a role, leaving no room for the supererogatory, and that Kant places too much value on acting from duty. Clearly written and cogently argued, Kantian Ethics Almost without Apology takes on the most philosophically intriguing objections to Kant's ethics and subjects them to a rigorous yet sympathetic (...) assessment. (shrink)

Propomos traçar um paralelo entre tradução e testemunho, a partir das contribuições que Jacques Derrida legou a ambos os campos da linguagem. Na perspectiva desconstrutivista, a tradução, tema caro ao pensamento derridiano, acontece no limite impreciso entre a sua impossibilidade e a sua necessidade. Essa aporia tradutória atravessa as leituras do filósofo acerca do gesto testemunhal. Como afirma em Demeure (2000), ao apresentar-se como único sujeito a presenciar uma verdade, a testemunha recusa a traduzibilidade e a possibilidade a ela atrelada (...) de proliferação de sentidos. Contudo, Derrida (1992, 2000) argumenta que o testemunho só tem valor quando é traduzível, iterável e, assim, comunicável. A testemunha luta com a língua para traduzir uma verdade, tentando escapar da inevitável disseminação de sentidos. Pretendemos discutir que tal condição aporética é testemunhada pelo tradutor em sua tarefa. (shrink)

This article is an invitation to consider Paulo Freire’s Pedagogy of the Question as a text that leads the reader to consider the possibilities offered by the post-Covid 19 resumption of daily school life with children as a political act. Based on a conversation that Freire had with Antônio Faundez in 1985, this text encourages researchers and educators to consider ways of returning to school life in ways that are welcoming, responsive and loving in the wake of the experience of (...) “almost-exile” undergone during the covid-19 pandemic. It becomes necessary to think school life again from where the children truly are, restarting in full awareness of the adventures, the pains, the losses they have undergone, encouraging them to ask the questions that the pandemic experience has produced them, and to recognize the new forms of consciousness it has inaugurated. This paper explores the implications of the ideas found in the Freire-Faundez dialogue for this moment of reconstruction. (shrink)

Analisi dei principali temi della riflessione bioetica italiana.

O presente artigo apresenta a carnavalização proposta por Warat ao adotar a obra A Ciência Jurídica e seus dois maridos como marco de seu estilo narrativo e polifônico, multiplicador de metáforas, com vistas a revelar e superar o paradigma moderno dominante, representado pelo normativismo jurídico no campo do Direito. Para tanto, se reproduzem metáforas waratianas de modelos epistemológicos opostos mas complementares e se traça um paralelo com o duelo de modernidades. A partir da epistemologia crítica waratiana sua proposta pedagógica é (...) apresentada como indissociável para então se pensar no legado waratiano como um convite para a cumplicidade. (shrink)

What is Religion? What is religious community? How religion is seen today? Is religion relevant nowadays? And what do people pray for? This article intends to make a brief analysis of the relevance of religion before actual problems. Therefore, the method used is the case study taken in a Social Project that welcomes children who were victims of abuse.

Recently, approach-avoidance tendencies and visual perception biases have been increasingly studied using bistable point-light walkers (PLWs). Prior studies have found a facing-the-viewer bias when one is primed with general threat stimuli (e.g. angry faces), explained by the “error management theory”, as failing to detect a threat as approaching is riskier than the opposite. Importantly, no study has explored how disease threat – linked to the behavioural immune system – might affect this bias. This study aimed to explore whether disease-signalling cues (...) can alter how we perceive the motion direction of ambiguous PLWs. Throughout 3 experiments, participants indicated the motion direction of a bistable PLW previously primed with a control or disease-signalling stimuli – that is, face with a surgical mask (Experiment 1), sickness sound (Experiment 2), or face with a disease cue (Experiment 3). Results showed that sickness cues do not significantly modulate the perception of approach-avoidance behaviours. However, a pattern emerged in Experiments 2 and 3, suggesting that sickness stimuli led to more facing away percepts. Unlike other types of threat, this implies that disease-related threat stimuli might trigger a distinct perceptual bias, indicating a preference to avoid a possible infection source. Nonetheless, this finding warrants future investigations. (shrink)

During the past decade ethical theory has been in a lively state of development, and three basic approaches to ethics - Kantian ethics, consequentialism, and virtue ethics - have assumed positions of particular prominence.

Marcia Cavell draws on philosophy, psychoanalysis, and the sciences of the mind in a fascinating and original investigation of human subjectivity. A "subject" is a creature, we may say, who recognizes herself as an "I," taking in the world from a subjective perspective; an agent, doing things for reasons, sometimes self-reflective, and able to assume responsibility for herself and some of her actions. If this is an ideal, how does a person become a subject, and what might stand in the (...) way? One of Marcia Cavell's guiding premises is that philosophical investigation into the specifically human way of being in the world cannot separate itself from investigations of a more empirical sort. Cavell brings together for the first time reflections in philosophy, findings in neuroscience, studies in infant development, psychoanalytic theory, and clinical vignettes from her own psychoanalytic practice. (shrink)

Justifications and excuses are defenses that exculpate. They are therefore much more like each other than like such defenses as diplomatic immunity, which does not exculpate. But they exculpate in different ways, and it has proven difficult to agree on just what that difference consists in. In this paper I take a step back from justification and excuse as concepts in criminal law, and look at the concepts as they arise in everyday life. To keep the task manageable, I focus (...) primarily on excuses and excusing activities, distinguishing them from justifications as well as from other close relatives, in particular, forgiving and pardoning. I draw upon J.L. Austin’s classic A Plea for Excuses, but expand on his account, suggesting that we offer excuses for reasons besides those he mentions. My hope is that my examination of excuses and excusing activities will help us rethink our views on just how justifications and excuses differ, views which often are worked out without much attention to how these concepts function in everyday life and to the connection between offers of excuses and justifications and the rules of civility. (shrink)

This article observes the imagination of the end of the world in the Anthropocene era and, at the same time, intends, from an anthropological turn that considers other possibilities of human existence on Earth, to imagine how Amerindian cosmovision can promote not only an ontological but also an epistemological turn in the field of contemporary law and politics. A conflicted but not impossible dialogue between the naturalistic matrix of Western thought and Amerindian multinaturalism, in search of “ideas to postpone the (...) end of the world”. (shrink)

When successful and ethical managers are alerted to possible organizational wrongdoing, they take corrective action before the problems become crises. However, recent research [e.g., Rynes et al. (2007, Academy of Management Journal50(5), 987–1008)] indicates that many organizations fail to implement evidence-based practices (i.e., practices that are consistent with research findings), in many aspects of human resource management. In this paper, we draw from years of research on whistle-blowing by social scientists and legal scholars and offer concrete suggestions to managers who (...) are interested in encouraging internal reporting of problems requiring attention, and to observers of questionable activity who are considering reporting it. We also identify ways that research suggests policy-makers can have a more positive influence. We hope that these suggestions will help foster evidence-based practice regarding whistle-blowing. (shrink)

Jonas hat der Medizinpraxis und ihrer ethischen Dimension immer wieder große Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet, nachdem er seine Stelle an der New School for Social Research in New York antrat und Mitglied des Hastings Center wurde. Das Hastings Center ist ein interdisziplinäres Forschungszentrum, gegründet 1969 von dem Philosophen Daniel Callahan und dem Psychiater Willard Gaylin in Hastings-on-Hudson in New York. Jonas schrieb zwischen dem Ende der 1960er bis zur ersten Hälfte der 1980er Jahre verschiedene Abhandlungen zum Thema und präsentierte diese auch auf (...) einigen Kongressen, sowohl in Englisch als auch auf Deutsch. (shrink)

This article discusses Alejandro Vallega’s book, Latin American Philosophy: From Identity to Radical Exteriority, proposing a series of questions in which the problem of situating Latin American thought in the topos of Western philosophy is addressed. Further questions considered here include how to rethink identity and difference from the perspective of Latin American experience, and, last but not least, what do “situated thinking” and “engaged thought” mean?

Friends as well as foes of Kant have long been uneasy over his emphasis on duty, but lately the view that there is something morally repugnant about acting from duty seems to be gaining in popularity. More and more philosophers indicate their readiness to jettison duty and the moral 'ought' and to conceive of the perfectly moral person as someone who has all the right desires and acts accordingly without any notion that (s)he ought to act in this way. Elsewhere' (...) I have argued that such a picture of the perfectly moral person is flawed. In this paper I examine the claim that acting from duty is morally repugnant. There is some truth to this charge, but, I argue, the repugnance attaches not to acting from duty as such, but only to certain ways of acting from duty. In isolating the objectionable elements of acting from duty, I hope not only to vindicate the skeletal concept but also to offer illumination on the question of just how we should understand morally good conduct. (shrink)